The major building block of proteins are called alpha amino acids. ![]() ![]() You will find that the major macromolecules are held together by the same chemical linkages that you’ve been exploring in Chapters 9 and 10, and rely heavily on dehydration synthesis for their formation, and hydrolysis for their breakdown.įigure 11.1: The Molecular building blocks of life are made from organic compounds.įun Video Tutorial Introducing the Major Macromoleculesīiological Molecules – You Are What You Eat: Crash Course Biology #3.ġ1.2 Protein Structure and Function Amino Acids and Primary Protein Structure This chapter will focus on an introduction to the structure and function of these macromolecules. Recall that the monomer units for building the nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, are the nucleotide bases, whereas the monomers for proteins are amino acids, for carbohydrates are sugar residues, and for lipids are fatty acids or acetyl groups. In Chapter 6, you were introduced to the polymers of life and their building block structures, as shown below in Figure 11.1. All of the major macromolecule classes are similar, in that, they are large polymers that are assembled from small repeating monomer subunits. These are the carbohydrates, lipids (or fats), proteins, and nucleic acids. ![]() Within all lifeforms on Earth, from the tiniest bacterium to the giant sperm whale, there are four major classes of organic macromolecules that are always found and are essential to life. 11.1 Introduction: The Four Major Macromolecules
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